When it comes to electrical distribution systems, Panelboards and switchboards are two essential but often confused components. Both serve to distribute power, protect circuits, and support electrical safety — but they have distinct features, uses, and capabilities that every electrician should understand. In this article, we break down the key differences between panelboards vs switchboards, helping professionals make informed decisions for residential, commercial, and industrial applications.
What Is a Panelboard?
A panelboard is a component of an electrical distribution system that divides power into subsidiary circuits while providing a protective fuse or circuit breaker for each circuit.
Common Applications:
- Residential homes
- Small commercial buildings
- Light industrial settings
Features:
- Typically flush- or surface-mounted
- Installed in walls or utility closets
- Limited to 600V and 1200A
- Load connections are made at the front of the device
- Compact and more economical
What Is a Switchboard?
A switchboard is a larger and more robust device that distributes power from one or more sources to several smaller circuits, typically serving larger facilities.
Common Applications:
- Large commercial buildings
- Industrial facilities
- Power plants and data centers
Features:
- Freestanding, floor-mounted
- Handles up to 6000A or more
- May include draw-out breakers, metering, and control systems
- Load connections are often rear-accessed
- Allows for more customization and scalability
Key Differences Between Panelboards vs Switchboards
| Feature | Panelboard | Switchboard |
|---|---|---|
| Current Rating | Up to 1200A | Up to 6000A or more |
| Voltage Rating | Up to 600V | Up to 600V (can be higher in custom setups) |
| Installation | Wall-mounted | Floor-mounted |
| Access | Front access only | Front and rear access |
| Applications | Residential/light commercial | Large commercial/industrial |
| Breaker Type | Bolt-on or plug-in | Fixed or draw-out |
| Customization | Limited | Highly customizable |
Safety and Code Compliance
Both panelboards and switchboards must comply with UL 67 (for panelboards) and UL 891 (for switchboards). Electricians should also ensure that equipment is installed in accordance with NFPA 70 (NEC) to maintain safety and reliability.
Panelboards vs Switchboard Which One Should You Use?
Choosing between a panelboard and switchboard depends on several factors:
- Load Requirements: If the total current exceeds 1200A, a switchboard is necessary.
- Space Constraints: Panelboards are more compact and suitable for tight installations.
- System Complexity: Switchboards support complex power distribution and integrated controls.
- Budget: Panelboards are generally less expensive and simpler to install.
Conclusion
While panelboards and switchboards both play vital roles in power distribution, understanding their differences is crucial for system design, safety, and functionality. Whether you’re wiring a residential building or designing a large industrial power system, selecting the right equipment ensures code compliance, efficiency, and long-term reliability.